What does "scarcity" refer to in economics?

• A. Unlimited resources for human wants
• B. A balance of supply and demand
• C. Limited resources relative to unlimited wants
• D. Abundance of goods and services

Answer: (C)

In economics, "scarcity" refers to the fundamental problem that arises because resources are limited while human wants are virtually unlimited. This means that there are not enough resources—such as time, money, raw materials, and labor—to produce enough goods and services to satisfy all the desires of society. Since scarcity compels individuals and societies to make choices about how to allocate their limited resources effectively, it drives the study of economics and the development of strategies for resource management.

The chosen answer captures the essence of scarcity by highlighting the relationship between limited resources and the multitude of human wants. In contrast, other options either describe situations that do not align with the concept of scarcity, such as the idea of unlimited resources or an abundance of goods and services, which directly contradict the definition of scarcity. Therefore, the correct answer effectively communicates that scarcity is a central theme in economics, shaping how societies prioritize and make decisions about resource allocation.